(1) A comparison of the effect of monovalent counterions and bivalent counterions is a subject of our future work.(2) Using strips of sister holograms from one slide, we made a range of measurements of various mono- and bivalent ions.(3) Three properties of meiotic chromosomes act to form a bivalent that will undergo proper reductional division.(4) The bivalent cations were slightly increased as well as chloride and phosphate.(5) Slides containing F 2 worms were screened for the presence of worms with diakinesis nuclei exhibiting more than six chromatin masses (indicating failure in bivalent formation).(6) Because only homologous chromosomes pair, allopolyploids strictly exhibit bivalent formation (two chromosomes pair) at meiosis and undergo disomic inheritance for each locus.(7) A bivalent B chromosome was removed directly from a pachytene slide by a micromanipulator.(8) The surface of BR is bound with bivalent metal cations, charge amino acids and polar phospholipids to form an asymmetrical distribution of charges on the membrane surface.(9) It causes the cell wall to become rigid by blocking free carboxyl groups that interact with bivalent ions like Ca 2 +.(10) If chromosomes 1 and 2 are genetically more identical, as are chromosomes 3 and 4, there are three different combinations for the bivalent chromosome pairing.(11) True non-disjunction as a mechanism causing aneuploidy was separately assessed when a bivalent was found in a set of metaphase II chromosomes.(12) Note that the bivalent sex chromosome remaining in the vicinity of the equator appears to be oriented to the poles.(13) On average, each double-crossover bivalent produces one double-crossover chromosome (of four) in the absence of chromatid interference.(14) An additional line drawing to the side depicts the spatial arrangement of the bivalent corresponding to LG - 02 and the FISH signals associated therewith.(15) However, no investigation has been made into whether homologous chromosome pairs or bivalents with altered patterns of recombination events may also be at increased risk for nondisjunction in mammals other than humans.
